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PoE is also known as Power over Ethernet (PoL, Power over LAN) or Active Ethernet, or sometimes simply as Power over Ethernet.
Common applications for PoE include security monitoring, IP telephony, and wireless access points (WAPs). The host or mid-span device used to supply power is the power supply equipment (PSE).The load connected to the Ethernet connector is the power supply device (PD).
The PoE protocol for controlling the load power between the PSE and PD is defined by the IEEE 802.3bt standard. A transformer is required at the Ethernet host port, midspan, and hub locations to bring the data into the cable. In addition, a DC voltage can be applied to the center tap of the transformer without affecting the data signal. As with any power transmission line, this technology uses a relatively high voltage (approximately 50V) to keep the current low and minimize the effect of IR voltage drop in the line, thus maintaining power delivery to the load. The standard 2-wire pair PoE delivers approximately 13W to Class 1 PDs and approximately 25.5W to Class 2 PDs, while the standard 4-wire pair PoE will be able to deliver approximately 51W to Class 3 PDs and approximately 71W to Class 4 PDs.